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Issues Matrix
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Coastal Facility
Desal Matrix: Coastal: Concentrate Management
Environmental & Public Health Risks/Regulations
Engineering
Energy & Greenhouse Gas Issue
Economics, Finance & Social Issues
(environmental imacts, permitting, mitigation)
(technology and performance)
(power needs and carbon footprint)
(benefits and costs, rates, PUC issues, TBL)
Combined Ocean Discharge
Concentrate is significantly diluted prior to outfall.
Concentrate can be combined with power plant cooling water or municipal/industrial wastewater.
Energy demands associated with SWRO concentrate discharge include energy use for concentrate treatment and for pumping the concentrate from the desal facility to the discharge site.
Co-disposal of concentrate with power plant/wastewater treatment plant effluent can yield substantial construction cost savings.
Stand-Alone Ocean Discharge
Potential impacts on marine species and surrounding habitat.
This is the most common method of concentrate disposal at coastal desal facilities.
Subsurface/Alternative Discharge Technologies
Some alternative discharge methods can reduce environmental impacts of concentrate disposal.
Alternative approaches include subsurface discharge, discharge to coastal rivers/brackish canals and beneficial use of cencentrate.
The costs of alternative discharge methoeds are highly site-specific and difficult to generalize.
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